Stress area: 115.44 mm² · Proof load: 32,323 N · Clamp load (75%): 24,242 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 67.9 | 50.1 | 601.0 | 692.4 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 50.9 | 37.5 | 450.5 | 519.0 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 61.1 | 45.1 | 540.8 | 623.0 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 33.9 | 25.0 | 300.0 | 345.7 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 40.7 | 30.0 | 360.2 | 415.0 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 84.8 | 62.5 | 750.5 | 864.7 |
Stress area: 124.55 mm² · Proof load: 34,874 N · Clamp load (75%): 26,156 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 73.2 | 54.0 | 647.9 | 746.4 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 54.9 | 40.5 | 485.9 | 559.8 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 65.9 | 48.6 | 583.3 | 672.0 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 36.6 | 27.0 | 323.9 | 373.2 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 43.9 | 32.4 | 388.5 | 447.7 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 91.5 | 67.5 | 809.8 | 933.0 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 280 MPa × 115.44 mm² = 24,242 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0140 m × 24,242 N = 67.9 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Moderate-duty industrial applications, machinery guards, medium-strength connections