Stress area: 560.59 mm² · Proof load: 156,965 N · Clamp load (75%): 117,724 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 706.3 | 520.9 | 6251.3 | 7202.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 529.8 | 390.8 | 4689.1 | 5402.5 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 635.7 | 468.9 | 5626.4 | 6482.4 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 353.2 | 260.5 | 3126.1 | 3601.7 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 423.8 | 312.6 | 3750.9 | 4321.6 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 882.9 | 651.2 | 7814.3 | 9003.1 |
Stress area: 621.2 mm² · Proof load: 173,936 N · Clamp load (75%): 130,452 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 782.7 | 577.3 | 6927.5 | 7981.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 587.0 | 432.9 | 5195.4 | 5985.8 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 704.4 | 519.5 | 6234.5 | 7182.9 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 391.4 | 288.7 | 3464.2 | 3991.2 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 469.6 | 346.4 | 4156.3 | 4788.6 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 978.4 | 721.6 | 8659.6 | 9976.9 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 280 MPa × 560.59 mm² = 117,724 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0300 m × 117,724 N = 706.3 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Moderate-duty industrial applications, machinery guards, medium-strength connections