Stress area: 976.0 mm² · Proof load: 273,280 N · Clamp load (75%): 204,960 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 1598.7 | 1179.1 | 14149.7 | 16302.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 1199.0 | 884.3 | 10612.0 | 12226.4 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 1438.8 | 1061.2 | 12734.5 | 14671.7 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 799.3 | 589.5 | 7074.4 | 8150.6 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 959.2 | 707.5 | 8489.6 | 9781.2 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 1998.4 | 1473.9 | 17687.3 | 20378.1 |
Stress area: 1028.4 mm² · Proof load: 287,952 N · Clamp load (75%): 215,964 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 1684.5 | 1242.4 | 14909.1 | 17177.2 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 1263.4 | 931.8 | 11182.0 | 12883.1 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 1516.1 | 1118.2 | 13418.6 | 15460.0 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 842.3 | 621.2 | 7455.0 | 8589.1 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 1010.7 | 745.5 | 8945.5 | 10306.3 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 2105.6 | 1553.0 | 18636.1 | 21471.2 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 280 MPa × 976.0 mm² = 204,960 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0390 m × 204,960 N = 1598.7 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Moderate-duty industrial applications, machinery guards, medium-strength connections