Stress area: 303.4 mm² · Proof load: 133,496 N · Clamp load (75%): 100,122 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 440.5 | 324.9 | 3898.8 | 4491.9 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 330.4 | 243.7 | 2924.3 | 3369.2 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 396.5 | 292.4 | 3509.3 | 4043.2 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 220.3 | 162.5 | 1949.8 | 2246.4 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 264.3 | 194.9 | 2339.3 | 2695.1 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 550.7 | 406.2 | 4874.1 | 5615.6 |
Stress area: 333.01 mm² · Proof load: 146,524 N · Clamp load (75%): 109,893 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 483.5 | 356.6 | 4279.3 | 4930.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 362.6 | 267.4 | 3209.3 | 3697.5 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 435.2 | 321.0 | 3851.8 | 4437.8 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 241.8 | 178.3 | 2140.1 | 2465.7 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 290.1 | 214.0 | 2567.6 | 2958.2 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 604.4 | 445.8 | 5349.4 | 6163.2 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 440 MPa × 303.4 mm² = 100,122 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0220 m × 100,122 N = 440.5 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Industrial machinery, agricultural equipment, elevated load requirements