Stress area: 28.86 mm² · Proof load: 8,081 N · Clamp load (75%): 6,061 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 75.2 | 86.7 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 56.6 | 65.3 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 67.3 | 77.5 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 37.2 | 42.8 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 45.1 | 52.0 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 10.6 | 7.8 | 93.8 | 108.1 |
Stress area: 31.23 mm² · Proof load: 8,744 N · Clamp load (75%): 6,558 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 9.2 | 6.8 | 81.4 | 93.8 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 61.1 | 70.4 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 73.5 | 84.6 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 40.7 | 46.9 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 48.7 | 56.1 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 11.5 | 8.5 | 101.8 | 117.3 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 280 MPa × 28.86 mm² = 6,061 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0070 m × 6,061 N = 8.5 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Moderate-duty industrial applications, machinery guards, medium-strength connections