Stress area: 36.61 mm² · Proof load: 10,251 N · Clamp load (75%): 7,688 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 12.3 | 9.1 | 108.9 | 125.4 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 9.2 | 6.8 | 81.4 | 93.8 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 11.1 | 8.2 | 98.2 | 113.2 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 54.9 | 63.2 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 65.5 | 75.5 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 15.4 | 11.4 | 136.3 | 157.0 |
Stress area: 39.17 mm² · Proof load: 10,968 N · Clamp load (75%): 8,226 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 13.2 | 9.7 | 116.8 | 134.6 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 87.6 | 101.0 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 11.8 | 8.7 | 104.4 | 120.3 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 58.4 | 67.3 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 69.9 | 80.6 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 16.5 | 12.2 | 146.0 | 168.3 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 280 MPa × 36.61 mm² = 7,688 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0080 m × 7,688 N = 12.3 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Moderate-duty industrial applications, machinery guards, medium-strength connections