Stress area: 816.72 mm² · Proof load: 228,682 N · Clamp load (75%): 171,511 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 1234.9 | 910.8 | 10929.8 | 12592.5 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 926.2 | 683.1 | 8197.6 | 9444.6 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 1111.4 | 819.7 | 9836.7 | 11333.2 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 617.4 | 455.4 | 5464.5 | 6295.8 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 740.9 | 546.5 | 6557.5 | 7555.1 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 1543.6 | 1138.5 | 13662.0 | 15740.4 |
Stress area: 864.95 mm² · Proof load: 242,186 N · Clamp load (75%): 181,640 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 1307.8 | 964.6 | 11575.0 | 13335.9 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 980.9 | 723.5 | 8681.7 | 10002.4 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 1177.0 | 868.1 | 10417.3 | 12002.1 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 653.9 | 482.3 | 5787.5 | 6667.9 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 784.7 | 578.8 | 6945.2 | 8001.7 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 1634.8 | 1205.8 | 14469.2 | 16670.4 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 280 MPa × 816.72 mm² = 171,511 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0360 m × 171,511 N = 1234.9 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Moderate-duty industrial applications, machinery guards, medium-strength connections