Stress area: 2676.0 mm² · Proof load: 1,552,080 N · Clamp load (75%): 1,164,060 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 14900.0 | 10989.7 | 131876.2 | 151938.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 11175.0 | 8242.3 | 98907.1 | 113953.7 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 13410.0 | 9890.7 | 118688.6 | 136744.5 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 7450.0 | 5494.8 | 65938.1 | 75969.1 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 8940.0 | 6593.8 | 79125.7 | 91163.0 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 18625.0 | 13737.1 | 164845.2 | 189922.9 |
Stress area: 2809.0 mm² · Proof load: 1,629,220 N · Clamp load (75%): 1,221,915 N
| Surface Condition | K Factor | N·m | ft·lbs | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 15640.5 | 11535.8 | 138430.2 | 159489.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 11730.4 | 8651.9 | 103822.8 | 119617.2 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 14076.5 | 10382.3 | 124587.6 | 143540.9 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 7820.3 | 5768.0 | 69215.5 | 79745.2 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 9384.3 | 6921.5 | 83058.1 | 95693.6 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 19550.6 | 14419.8 | 173037.5 | 199361.4 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 580 MPa × 2676.0 mm² = 1,164,060 N
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.0640 m × 1,164,060 N = 14900.0 N·m
Proof stress per ISO 898-1:2013 Table 4. Stress area per ISO 898-1 Annex A. K-factor per VDI 2230.
Automotive engines, structural connections, high-strength machinery, flanged joints — the most common high-strength grade