Stress area: 0.00909 in² · Proof load: 500 lbs · Clamp load (75%): 375 lbs
| Surface Condition | K Factor | ft·lbs | N·m | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 10.8 | 12.2 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 8.2 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 9.6 | 11.2 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 4.8 | 5.1 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 6.0 | 7.1 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 13.2 | 15.3 |
Stress area: 0.01015 in² · Proof load: 558 lbs · Clamp load (75%): 419 lbs
| Surface Condition | K Factor | ft·lbs | N·m | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 12.0 | 14.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 8.4 | 9.2 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 10.8 | 12.2 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 6.0 | 7.1 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 8.2 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 14.4 | 16.3 |
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 55,000 psi × 0.00909 in² = 375 lbs
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 0.138 in × 375 lbs ÷ 12 = 0.9 ft·lbs
Proof stress per SAE J429 Table 3. Stress area per ASME B1.1. K-factor per VDI 2230.
General-purpose, non-critical bolting. Most common ungraded hardware-store bolts.