Stress area: 0.763 in² · Proof load: 25,179 lbs · Clamp load (75%): 18,884 lbs
| Surface Condition | K Factor | ft·lbs | N·m | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 354.1 | 480.1 | 4249.0 | 4895.3 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 265.6 | 360.1 | 3186.7 | 3671.5 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 318.7 | 432.1 | 3824.1 | 4405.8 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 177.0 | 240.0 | 2124.5 | 2447.7 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 212.4 | 288.0 | 2549.4 | 2937.2 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 442.6 | 600.1 | 5311.2 | 6119.2 |
Stress area: 0.856 in² · Proof load: 28,248 lbs · Clamp load (75%): 21,186 lbs
| Surface Condition | K Factor | ft·lbs | N·m | in·lbs | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain/Dry | 0.2 | 397.2 | 538.5 | 4766.9 | 5492.0 |
| Oiled | 0.15 | 297.9 | 403.9 | 3575.1 | 4119.0 |
| Zinc Plated | 0.18 | 357.5 | 484.7 | 4290.2 | 4942.8 |
| Waxed | 0.1 | 198.6 | 269.3 | 2383.4 | 2746.0 |
| MoS₂ | 0.12 | 238.3 | 323.1 | 2860.1 | 3295.2 |
| Galvanized | 0.25 | 496.5 | 673.2 | 5958.6 | 6865.0 |
UNC thread, ft·lbs. Values from the table above.
Same bolt, same target clamp load: thread friction alone moves the required torque from 177.0 ft·lbs (waxed) to 442.6 ft·lbs (hot-dip galvanized), 2.5× as much. Match the row to the fastener's actual finish and lubrication.
Formula: T = K × D × F
Step 1 — Clamp load: F = 0.75 × 33,000 psi × 0.763 in² = 18,884 lbs
Step 2 — Torque (dry): T = 0.20 × 1.125 in × 18,884 lbs ÷ 12 = 354.1 ft·lbs
Proof stress per SAE J429 Table 3. Stress area per ASME B1.1. Typical K-factor, consistent with VDI 2230 friction values.
Large general-purpose bolts, same grade but reduced strength at larger diameters